空中突击效果预测模型研究

从实践需求出发 ,建立了空中突击效果的预测模型 ,旨在对特定目标在某一时刻遭到突击后 ,预测其在任一后续时间点上所产生的突击效果 ,以便为计划人员有效使用战役突击力量提供可靠保证     

材料力学性能纳米压入测试仪器发展综述

综述了材料力学性能纳米压入测试仪器的发展现状。阐述了纳米压入测试技术的发展历程;从驱动、载荷测量和位移测量3方面对目前材料力学性能纳米压入测试仪器的基本结构进行了比较分析;介绍了材料力学性能纳米压入测试仪器集成技术,包括影响压入深度测量精度的集成技术、观测技术、大载荷模块和高温试验模块等;最后,对未来材料力学性能纳米压力测试仪器的发展趋势作了展望。     

Investigation on energy output structure of explosives near-ground explosion

In order to give the energy output structure of typical explosives near-ground explosion in real ground conditions, the free-field shockwave, ground reflection shockwave and Mach wave overpressure time history of composition B explosive, RDX explosive and aluminized explosive were measured by air pressure sensors and ground pressure sensors. The shape of the free-field shock wave, ground reflection shock wave, and Mach wave and explosion flame were captured by high-speed camera. The experimental results show that, at the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of explosive shock wave of composition B explosive, both in the air and on the ground, is less than that of RDX and aluminized explosives. At a distance of 3.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is slightly less than that of RDX explosives. Owing to the exothermic effect of aluminum powder, the pressure drop of aluminized explosives is slower than that of RDX explosives. At 5.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is larger than that of RDX explosives. At the same position from the initiation point, among the three kinds of explosives, the impulse of aluminized explosives is the maximum and the impulse of composition B explosives is the minimum. With the increase of the horizontal distance from the initiation point, the height of Mach triple-points (Mach steam) of the three explosives increases gradually. At the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, there is poorly difference in the height of Mach triple-points between aluminized explosive and RDX explosive, and the height of Mach triple-points of composition B explosive is much smaller than that of other two explosives. The maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by aluminized explosives are the largest, followed by composition B explosive, and the maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by RDX explosive are the smallest.     

Effect of microstructure on short pulse duration shock initiation of TATB and initial response mechanism

Micro-TATB particles with different sizes and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures with different specific surface areas were prepared through recrystallization to study short pulse duration shock initiation properties by electric gun technology. For micro-TATB, the initiation threshold significantly decreases with TATB average size ranging from 79.7 μm to 0.5 μm. For 3D nanoporous TATB architecture, the initiation threshold decreases and then increases with specific surface areas increased from 9.6 m²/g to 36.2 m²/g. The lowest initiation thresholds are obtained for the micro-TATB with average sizes of 1.3 μm and 0.5 μm, and 3D nanoporous TATB architecture with specific surface area of 22.4 m²/g. The shock initiation thresholds of micro-TATB and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures show significantly decreases with the porosity increased. The decomposition reaction and thermal conductivity properties were further investigated to understand the initial response mechanism. High porosity provides more collapse sites to generate high temperature for formation of hot spots. The low thermal conductivity and decomposition temperature could enhance the formation and ignition of the hot spots, and initial decomposition reaction of TATB. The effect of the decomposition temperature is higher than that of the thermal conductivity on the shock initiation properties. The enhanced decomposition reaction could promote energy release and transfer process from the ignition to the combustion. This work offers a new insight to understand the effects of microstructure on the shock initiation properties and the initial response mechanism of TATB.     

水下近距爆炸作用下弹性钢板处的空化特性研究

弹性钢板在水下近距爆炸作用下,冲击波会使其附近流体形成局部空化,脉动气泡会使流体形成锥形空化。利用平面冲击波理论对局部空化的形成特性进行了研究,理论分析了结构目标尺度的变化对空化区域形成的影响,并通过具体试验对局部空化理论进行了验证,两者符合较好;通过试验和数值仿真方法研究了气泡脉动引起的锥形空化的形成特点,初步分析了锥形空化的形成原因。结果表明,锥形空化对结构具有较大的冲击作用。     

基于改进 Gerstner 波的岛礁近岸波浪实时仿真?

为了实现岛礁附近波浪实时仿真，结合 Gerstner 波和水波动力学知识，提出了一种能够模拟波浪卷曲和折射绕射现象的波浪建模与绘制方法。首先，建立 Gerstner 波参数随水深变化关系，构建模拟波浪卷曲过程的几何模型；然后，定义岛礁地形对波浪传播的阻障和遮挡系数，并据此修正波浪传播的波向和波高，实现折射和绕射现象的仿真；最后，应用着色器缓存技术完成计算的硬件加速，并构建了基于视点的波浪传播多分辨率绘制策略。实验结果表明，该方法对波浪的卷曲和折射绕射现象取得了较好的仿真效果，绘制效率能够满足实时性要求。     

地波雷达组网探测高空目标优化布站

针对高空无人机等目标，建立基于高频地波雷达为主的2D雷达探测网，以目标高度估计和协同补盲为约束条件，对2D雷达网的优化布站问题进行理论计算和实例仿真，实验结果证明布站方法的有效性。     

金属热防护系统瞬态热分析的并联一维模型

建立了可重复使用运载器金属热防护系统瞬态热分析的并联一维模型.根据热防护系统的结构特点划分了多条热流通路,将各热流通路离散化后给出了单条通路瞬态传热的隐式差分格式,采用热平衡法推导了串、并联两种类型公共节点的局部控制方程,并给出了传热问题中常见边界条件的统一表达式,最终形成了总体控制方程.通过数值计算获得了热防护系统瞬态温度场.计算结果表明:采用并联一维模型可以更真实、更准确地反映热防护系统的传热过程,对于热防护系统结构优化设计有较高的参考价值.     

膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯的制备及热分解动力学研究

以五氧化二磷／季戊四醇／三聚氰胺为原料合成了聚合型膨胀阻燃剂，并制备了膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯。比较和讨论了热分解动力学方法，通过测定体积流速评价了流变性，用热重分析方法研究了膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯的热分解特点。     

Experimental study on explosion dispersion process of a multi-layer composite charge under different initiation modes

The influence of initiation modes on the explosive dispersion process of the multi-layer composite charge (MCC) was studied. Overpressure sensors and high-speed photography system were used to investigate the energy release process of an MCC with a specific structure. The shock wave pressure and explosive dispersion characteristics of the MCC under different initiation modes were compared. The forming and expanding process of the shock wave of the composite charge under different initiation modes was determined. The separation position of the shock wave and fireball interface was determined. The calculation formulas of the shock radius and overpressure of the composite charge are presented. The radius of the shock wave of the composite charge was significantly affected by the initiation mode. Moreover, the development process of the composite explosive fireball under different initiation modes was analyzed, the variation rules of the composite charge dispersion radius and fireball dispersion velocity with time were obtained under the different initiation modes, the explosion energy release rate of composite charge under simultaneous initiation modes was the highest, and the peak overpressure under the simultaneous initiation mode was 1.61 times that of central single-point initiation.